The Illocutionary Acts of the Teacher to Students in the Novel Al-Hidza’ by Selam Husen

shelindacahaya

Authors

shelindacahaya UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Keywords:

Illocutionary speech acts, Pragmatics

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of illocutionary speech acts used by teachers toward students in the novel Al-Hidzā’ by Sallam Hussein from a pragmatic perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. The data were collected through close reading of the novel as the primary source and analyzed using John R. Searle’s theory of speech acts. The findings reveal 22 instances of illocutionary speech acts classified into five types: directive, expressive, assertive, commissive, and declarative. Directive speech acts appear most frequently, followed by expressive and assertive acts. These findings indicate that the teachers’ language in Al-Hidzā’ functions not only as a means of communication but also as an instrument of power that reflects hierarchical and authoritarian educational relations. This study contributes to the field of literary pragmatics, particularly in the analysis of illocutionary speech acts in modern Arabic literary works and social critique.

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