Counselors’ Multicultural Competence in Working with Male Counselees

Ahmad Abdul Hakim; Andi Wahyu Irawan; Andi Retno Budiarty Nazaruddin

doi:10.18326/pamomong.v6i2.5116

Penulis

Ahmad Abdul Hakim Universitas Mulawarman
Andi Wahyu Irawan Universitas Mulawarman
Andi Retno Budiarty Nazaruddin Prince of Songkhla University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18326/pamomong.v6i2.5116

Kata Kunci:

Konseli Laki-Laki, Konseling Multikultural, Konteks Sekolah Islam, Maskulinitas Hegemonik, Strategi Adaptif

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pemahaman dan praktik kompetensi multikultural konselor, mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menangani konseli laki-laki dari latar belakang budaya yang beragam, serta menelaah strategi adaptif yang diterapkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan inklusivitas layanan konseling di SMK Istiqomah Muhammadiyah 4 Samarinda. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan studi lapangan yang melibatkan satu konselor perempuan dan dua konseli laki-laki dari latar belakang budaya Banjar dan Dayak. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan ATLAS.ti melalui tahapan open coding, axial coding, dan selective coding untuk menemukan tema-tema utama penelitian. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa konselor menerapkan kompetensi multikultural melalui pemahaman yang sensitif budaya, komunikasi berbasis logika dan nilai, pelibatan keluarga sebagai sistem pendukung ekologis, serta adaptasi kontekstual pendekatan Barat seperti CBT dan SFBC ke dalam nilai lokal dan Islam, termasuk prinsip adab, maslahah, dan ketentuan menghindari khalwat. Tantangan utama meliputi norma maskulinitas yang membatasi ekspresi emosi, stigma terhadap layanan konseling, serta tekanan institusional untuk penyelesaian masalah yang cepat. Strategi adaptif berbasis empati relasional, kolaborasi lintas-sistem, dan integrasi nilai budaya terbukti meningkatkan kenyamanan dan keterbukaan konseli secara bertahap. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kompetensi multikultural bukanlah konsep statis, melainkan proses reflektif yang menuntut kesadaran diri, kepekaan etis, dan responsivitas budaya secara berkelanjutan. Namun, keterbatasan ukuran sampel dan lokasi penelitian yang tunggal membatasi generalisasi temuan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan melibatkan lebih banyak variasi budaya dan gender, beberapa lokasi sekolah, serta desain kualitatif atau campuran untuk menguji dan memperdalam model konseling multikultural adaptif ini.

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