Authorship Criteria

Journal of Islamic Entrepreneurship and Management (JIEM) requires that all persons listed as authors have made a genuine and substantial contribution to the work. The journal adopts the authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Who Qualifies as an Author

An author must meet all four of the following criteria:

Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;
Drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
Final approval of the version to be published;
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to its accuracy or integrity are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Contributors who do not meet all four criteria, such as those who only provided funding, general supervision, language editing, technical assistance, or data collection alone, should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section rather than listed as authors.

2. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

Ghost authorship: omitting a person who meets the authorship criteria.
Gift or guest authorship: listing a person who does not meet the criteria, for example because of seniority or position.
Authorship for sale: adding or selling authorship positions in exchange for payment or other benefits.

Such practices are treated as research misconduct and handled according to our Allegation of Research Misconduct policy.

3. Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal throughout submission, peer review, and publication, and ensures that:

All co-authors are included and have approved the final manuscript and its submission;
Author names, order, affiliations, and ORCID iDs are complete and correct;
All administrative requirements, including the Copyright Transfer Agreement, are fulfilled.

4. Author Contribution Statement

Manuscripts with more than one author must include an Author Contribution Statement using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), for example:

Author A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft. Author B: Data Curation, Formal Analysis. Author C: Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing.

5. Order of Authors

The order of authorship should be a joint decision of all co-authors and agreed upon before submission. The journal does not adjudicate disputes about author order.

6. Changes in Authorship

Additions, removals, or rearrangement of authors after submission are permitted only before the manuscript is accepted, and only if the corresponding author submits a written request to the editor that states the reason for the change and includes written confirmation from all authors, including any author being added or removed. Changes after publication will be handled through a correction, in line with our Retraction, Withdrawal and Correction Policy.

7. Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the work. Any use of AI tools must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's AI Usage Policy, and authors remain fully responsible for the content.

8. Authorship Disputes

Disputes about authorship should ideally be resolved among the authors or at the institutional level. Where needed, the editor will follow the relevant COPE flowcharts and may contact the authors' institutions.