How AI-Generated Allegory Functions In Digital Propaganda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v11i2.6823Keywords:
Artificial Intelligance, Iran–US Conflict, Visual Semiotics, Animal Allegory, Digital PropagandaAbstract
This article examines how AI-generated allegory functions in digital propaganda through a semiotic analysis of the short video White Eagle Alliance vs. The Persian Cats. Produced by China’s CCTV, the video reframes contemporary geopolitical conflict involving Iran, the United States, and its allies through animal allegory, stylized visual narration, and cinematic battle imagery. Using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework and a qualitative multimodal analysis of fifteen selected scenes, this study investigates how meaning is constructed at the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth. The findings show that the video operates not merely as a representation of conflict but as a myth-making device that organizes political meaning through binaries of aggression and resistance, domination and defense, imperial threat and heroic struggle. Animal allegory functions to soften explicit political messaging while enhancing emotional appeal, ideological clarity, and audience accessibility. The study argues that AI-generated allegorical propaganda marks a significant shift in digital political communication, where automated visual production and symbolic storytelling converge to produce persuasive wartime narratives in highly shareable media formats.
References
Ababakr, A. (2024). The regime security and alliance politics in the Middle East. Janus, 15(1).
Ahmadypour, Z., Hafeznia, M. R., & Juneidi, R. (2010). Representing an imaginary enemy: A geopolitical discourse. Geopolitics Quarterly, 6(20), 7–40.
Almaani, B. (2023). The Translation of Animal Metaphors in Politics between English and Arabic. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 50(3), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i3.5419
Almaani, B. (2023). The translation of animal metaphors in politics between English and Arabic. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i3.5419
Anastasiou, M. (2025). The hegemonic world picture: Representation, post-truth, and artificial intelligence. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 01914537251374951. https://doi.org/10.1177/01914537251374951
Associated Press. (2026, April 9). Ceasefire in the Iran war teeters in the face of disagreements over Lebanon and the Strait of Hormuz. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/7760f88f183ed2a13a721057e31f3ce7
Associated Press. (2026, April 9). Ceasefire in the Iran war teeters in the face of disagreements over Lebanon and the Strait of Hormuz. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/7760f88f183ed2a13a721057e31f3ce7
Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies (A. Lavers, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang, 117.
Bell, J. B., & Whaley, B. (2017). Cheating and deception. Routledge.
Bjola, C. (2017). Propaganda in the digital age. Global Affairs, 3(3), 189–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2017.1427694
Cazzamatta, R., & Sarısakaloğlu, A. (2025). AI-Generated Misinformation: A Case Study on Emerging Trends in Fact-Checking Practices Across Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Emerging Media, 3(2), 214–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543251344971
CCTV. (2026, March 18). 《流金谷恩仇录》引爆全网,“国家队+AI+武侠”这波操作绝了!. 《流金谷恩仇录》引爆全网,“国家队+AI+武侠”这波操作绝了!. https://ghrp.cctv.com/2026/03/21/ARTIm3VOmqQLekSidOeVlfxP260321.shtml
Chen, M. (2026, March 23). White eagles and Persian cats: Chinese AI satire of US war on Iran goes viral. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3347626/white-eagles-and-persian-cats-chinese-ai-satire-us-war-iran-goes-viral
Chew, K. (2019). On war and cuteness: The utopian politics of Disney’s Zootopia. Screen, 60(4), 567–586.
Crilley, R., Manor, I., & Bjola, C. (2020). Visual narratives of global politics in the digital age: An introduction. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 33(5), 628–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1813465
Der Derian, J. (2001). The war of networks. Theory & Event, 5(4).
Erdem, S. (2026). Digital Images: A New Way of Seeing. In Transformative Impact of Digital Technologies on Artistic Production: Photography and Visuality (pp. 327–354). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Fägerlind, I., & Saha, L. J. (2016). Education and national development: A comparative perspective. Elsevier.
Galt, R. (2017). The Animal Logic of Contemporary Greek Cinema. Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media, 58(1 & 2), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1353/frm.2017.a682899
Goldstein, J. A., Chao, J., Grossman, S., Stamos, A., & Tomz, M. (2024). How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda? PNAS Nexus, 3(2), pgae034. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae034
Guan, S., & Sun, Y. (2023). Multimodal metaphor and metonymy in political cartoons as a means of country image construction. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 27(2), 444–467. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-31664
Hagen, L., Hong, L., Fichman, P., Matsubayashi, M., Chong, M., & Dowell, M. L. (2025). Social Media and Politics Around the World: Navigating the Era of AI‐Generated Content. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 62(1), 1231–1234.
Hall, S. (2020). The work of representation. In The Applied Theatre Reader (pp. 74–76). Routledge.
Hansen, L., & Shim, D. (2020). Visual narratives of global politics in the digital age: An introduction. Review of International Studies, 46(5), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210520000370
Igou, E. R. (2024). Meaning and heroism. In Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies (pp. 1302–1306). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Jenzen, O., McCosker, A., Waddell, N., & Tan, S. (2021). [Use your exact journal-export title here if you already downloaded the article metadata. Convergence. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520933747
Kahn, H. (2017). On escalation: Metaphors and scenarios. Routledge.
Keysar, H. (2020). Who owns the sky? Aerial resistance and the state/corporate no-fly zone. Visual Studies, 35(5), 465–477.
Latinović, B., & Krčadinac, O. (2025). Social and Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in International Political Communication. Journal of UUNT Informatics and Computer Sciences, 2(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.62907/juuntics250202015l
Li, L., & Dreyfus, S. (2023). ‘Please don’t insult Dog. He is a loyal friend!’ The use of animal metaphors for evaluation and positioning on a Chinese Political Web Forum. Discourse & Society, 09579265231202619. https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265231202619
Lin, C. (2024). Digital propaganda is not simply propaganda in digital garb: Toward an expanded theory of propaganda. Communication Theory, 34(4), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtae017
Loth, A., Kappes, M., & Pahl, M.-O. (2026). Industrialized Deception: The Collateral Effects of LLM-Generated Misinformation on Digital Ecosystems (Version 2). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2601.21963
Markhabayeva, D., & Tseng, C.-I. (2024). Multimodal cohesion and viewers’ comprehension of scene transitions in film: An empirical investigation. Frontiers in Communication, 9, 1347788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1347788
Meierding, E. L. (2020). The Oil Wars Myth: Petroleum and the Causes of International Conflict. Cornell University Press.
Meng, H., Li, X., & Sun, J. (2025). Large language models prompt engineering as a method for embodied cognitive linguistic representation: A case study of political metaphors in Trump’s discourse. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1591408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1591408
Milne, S. (2012). The Revenge of History: The battle for the 21st century. Verso Books.
Miskolczi, M. (2026). The illusion of reality: How AI-generated images (AIGIs) are fooling social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 176, 108876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108876
Moran, D. (2016). Geography and strategy. Strategy in the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Strategic Studies, 255–272.
Öberg, D. (2018). Warfare as design: Transgressive creativity and reductive operational planning. Security Dialogue, 49(6), 493–509.
Osiel, M. J. (2017). Obeying orders: atrocity, military discipline and the law of war. Routledge.
Ossewaarde, M. (2025). The mechanical reproduction of symbolic violence: AI as a cultural discourse. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 20(3–4), 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2026.2635229
Oxman, E. (2010). Sensing the Image: Roland Barthes and the Affect of the Visual. SubStance, 39(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/sub.0.0083
Papa, V., & Theodosiou, Z. (2026). Visual news values in the age of AI: Exploring newsworthiness in generative image creation. Journalism, 14648849261418348. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849261418348
Piliang, Y. A., Sulistyaningtyas, T., & Azhar, G. Z. (2026). Triadic discursive strategy: A digital arena for ideological legitimization in land movement. Social Semiotics, 36(3), 455–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2024.2432425
Reisinezhad, A. (2026). The rise and decline of Iran’s Forward Defense Strategy. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2026.2627252
Reuters. (2026a, April 8). Iran to approach peace talks with US with caution, Iranian ambassador to UN says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/iran-approach-peace-talks-with-us-with-caution-iranian-ambassador-un-says-2026-04-08/
Reuters. (2026b, April 8). US-Iran ceasefire: what we know. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-iran-ceasefire-what-we-know-2026-04-08/
Reuters. (2026c, April 8). Trump pushes for Strait of Hormuz reopening without tolls, White House says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-pushes-strait-hormuz-reopening-without-tolls-white-house-says-2026-04-08/
Reuters. (2026d, April 9). US-Iran truce should extend to Lebanon, EU’s top diplomat says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-iran-truce-should-extend-lebanon-eus-top-diplomat-says-2026-04-09/
Reuters. (2026e, March 16). Cai, K. Trump accuses Iran of using AI to spread disinformation. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/trump-accuses-iran-using-ai-spread-disinformation-2026-03-16/
Ropp, T. (2000). War in the modern world. JHU Press.
Schlag, G. (2025). Visual violence in global politics: A figuration approach. European Journal of International Relations, 13540661251394831. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661251394831
Watts, P. (2016). Roland Barthes’ Cinema. Oxford University Press.
Weikmann, T., & Lecheler, S. (2023). Visual disinformation in a digital age: A literature synthesis and research agenda. New Media & Society, 25(12), 3696–3713. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221141648
Westberg, G., & Kvåle, G. (2025). The generic uniqueness of AI imagery: A critical approach to Dall-E as semiotic technology. Discourse & Society, 36(4), 575–598. https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265241274788
Zibin, A., & Altakhaineh, A. R. M. (2023). A blending analysis of metaphors and metonymies used to depict the deal of the century by Jordanian cartoonists. Language and Cognition, 15(2), 377–404. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2023.1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.




