Visual Repetition and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis of Visual Discourse in Environmental Activism Posters: The Work of Nobodycorp.org in the Bali Rejects Benoa Bay Reclamation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v11i1.6513Keywords:
Visual Repetition, Visual Discourse Analysis, Quantitative Visual Coding, Environmental Activism Posters, Bali Rejects Benoa Bay ReclamationAbstract
This article examines twelve environmental activism posters from the "Bali Rejects Benoa Bay Reclamation" campaign (2014–2018) produced by Nobodycorp.org as a limited visual corpus within the communication system of the ForBALI movement. This study establishes the corpus as an object of analysis through scope limitation to maintain analytical rigor. This analysis integrates descriptive-quantitative mapping with critical discourse analysis through the tracking of visual relations, thereby structurally identifying ideological meanings. This procedure applies quantitative visual discourse methods through frequency distribution and co-occurrence networks, systematically detecting dominant elements. These findings indicate the red color system, the black color system, and the excavator image as the main elements, with the excavator appearing in 91.7% of the data. This analysis shows a relational intensity between the excavator and the red color of 0.92, and between the excavator and the black color of 0.74, thus forming a stable pattern of visual interconnection. These results demonstrate the stabilization of visual meaning through repeated relational grouping, so that signification does not depend on isolated symbolic units. This research formulates an operational model of visual meaning based on measurable relations through limited generalization, allowing visual communication studies to obtain replicable analytical instruments. This analysis shows the formation of ideological coherence through systematic visual organization, thereby articulating the framework of ecological conflict consistently. This analysis shows peripheral elements as low-connectivity components through relational measurement, thereby forming a structured asymmetry in the representation system. This research limits the analysis to a single producer corpus through data delimitation, so broad generalizations and reception dynamics are not covered.
References
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(2000), 611–639. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
Buchholz, L. (2018). Rethinking the Center-Periphery Model: Dimensions and Temporalities of Macro-Structure in a Global Field of Cultural Production. Poetics, 71, 18–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2018.08.003
Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements in A Globalizing World: An Introduction (II). Blackwell Publishing.
Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. In The Routledge handbook of discourse analysis (II). Routledge.
Henderson, P. W., & Cote, J. A. (1998). Guidelines for Selecting or Modifying Logos. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200202
Huang, G. (2024). Analysis of Visual Communication Elements in Variable Font Design from the Perspective of Digital Technology. Intelligent Decision Technologies, 18, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3233/IDT-240105
Jacob, G., Pramod, R. T., & Arun, S. (2025). Visual Homogeneity Computations in the Brain Enable Solving Property-Based Visual Tasks. Elife, 13, 1–50. https://doi.org/DOI:%20https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.93033
Janiszewski, C., & Meyvis, T. (2001). Effects of Brand Logo Complexity, Repetition, and Spacing on Processing Fluency and Judgment. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1086/321945
Jewitt, C., Bezemer, J., & O’Halloran, K. (2025). Introducing Multimodality (II). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003513698 (Original work published by Routledge)
Jiao, H., Cheng, J., Li, F., Ma, J., Xu, X., Yang, X., Tang, G., & Wei, H. (2025). Quantifying Regional Differentiation of Yardang Groups Using Terrain Texture Indices. International Journal of Digital Earth, 18(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2539486
Kress, G. (2010). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication (I). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2020). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (III, Vol. 1). Routledge.
Kurniullah, A. Z. (2020). Visual Industry, Visual Culture, and the New Phase of Modern Human Civilization in Indonesian Studies. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 10(3), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2020/v10i330147
Ledin, P., & Machin, D. (2019). Doing Critical Discourse Studies with Multimodality: From Metafunctions to Materiality. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(5), 497–513. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2018.1468789
Li, H., Chien, J., Gutchess, A., & Sekuler, R. (2025). Visual Short-Term Memory, Culture, and Image Structure. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 87(5), 1630–1641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-025-03094-7
Lim, M. (2013). Many Clicks but Little Sticks: Social Media Activism in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(4), 636–657.
Manovich, L. (2002). The Language of New Media. The MIT Press.
Mirzoeff, N. (2013). The Visual Culture Reader (III). Routledge London.
Mitchell, W. J. (2002). Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture. Journal of Visual Culture, 1(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/147041290200100202
Mühlenbeck, C., & Jacobsen, T. (2025). Ego-Development and the Aesthetics of Structures. Sage Open, 15(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251387164
Munfarida, E. (2014). Analisis Wacana Kritis dalam Perspektif Norman Fairclough. KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v8i1.746
Nugroho, B. H. (2025). Digital Activism and Youth Participation in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study of Social Media’s Role in Contemporary Social Movements. Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 5(10), 91–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i10.603 Volume
Pérez, A. Z. (2018). Regimes of (In) visibility and Peripheral Vision. Collaboration in Ethnographic Films on the Margins of Mexico City. Anthrovision. Vaneasa Online Journal, (6.2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4000/anthrovision.3910
Poell, T. (2020). Social Media, Temporality, and the Legitimacy of Protest. Social Movement Studies, 19(5–6), 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2019.1605287
Qurroh’Aini, F. S., Maella, N. F. S., & Zulaikha, Z. (2025). Visualization of Hashtag War in Digital Activism Spontaneously on Social Media. COMMICAST, 6(3), 403–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12928/commicast.v6i3.14532
Rose, G. (2016). Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials (I). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Rosyidah, A. A., Ulf, D. S., & Wahyuni, H. I. (2024). Becoming an Active Subject: Women’s Art Collective Eco-Artivism for Ecological Sustainability in Indonesia. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 39(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v39i2.2688
Setyawan, P., A., W., & Wijaya, M. (2021). Art Activist: Nature, Culture, and Art-Based Environmental Movement. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 905(1), 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012094
Siregar, U. M., & Herman, H. (2025). Aktivisme Lingkungan Berbasis Keagamaan: Konstruksi Budaya Hijau dalam Komunitas Keagamaan Generasi Muda Indonesia. Social Integrity Journal, 2(1), 33–40.
Subekti, S., Sulistiyono, S., & Adhuri, D. (2020). Adat Movements for Environmental Justice: The Case of Benoa Bay, Bali. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 07035. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207035
Suwarno. (2024). Art and Activism: Artists Amid Social, Environmental, and Cultural Crises. Environment-Behavior Proceedings Journal, 9, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9iSI23.6349
Vergni, L., Todisco, F., & Di Lena, B. (2021). Evaluation of the Similarity Between Drought Indices by Correlation Analysis and Cohen’s Kappa test in a Mediterranean Area. Natural Hazards, 108(2), 2187–2209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04775-w
Wang, Z., Duff, B., & Clayton, R. (2018). Establishing a Factor Model for Aesthetic Preference for Visual Complexity of Brand Logo. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 39, 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2017.1372325
Wicaksono, S., & Juwariyah, A. (2019). The Visual Language of Consumerism in Contemporary Artworks. Journal of Urban Society’s Arts, 6, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v6i1.2263
Wijntjes, M., & Middelkoop, C. van. (2024). A Framework Connecting Vision and Depiction. Visual Cognition, 32(6), 535–550.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (Vol. 5). Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Zainubi, H. H., & Ciptadi, S. G. (2024). Environmental Activism Through Instagram (A Study of the Global Climate Strike Campaign by Greenpeace Indonesia). International Journal of Environmental Communication (ENVICOMM), 2(2), 68–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35814/envicomm%20.v2i2.8029
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
