Negotiating Marriage Beyond Traditional And Modern Contexts: An Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis Of Upper-Caste Women In Ngada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v10i1.4450Keywords:
Inter-Caste Marriage, Social Support, Communication, Social Stigma, Ngada WomenAbstract
Cultural expectations for upper-caste women in Ngada society demand that they marry within their caste. This study opens a communicative space for women who have successfully negotiated traditional norms. It aims to understand how women negotiate marriage choices with their families and how social support and communication affect their decision-making processes. This qualitative study uses an interpretative phenomenological approach, employing semi-structured interviews with three upper-caste women who married men of lower-caste status. The findings show that cultural expectations to preserve social status through intra-caste marriage persist, placing pressure on women to relinquish autonomy in making marital decisions. However, open communication about personal choices and seeking family support allowed for the emergence of emotional, instrumental, and informational support that greatly helped women overcome social stigma and choose partners independently. The implications of this study underscore the importance of open family communication in supporting individual freedom in a partner.
References
Aditi, I. G. A. (2019). Problematic and alternative solutions of different wangsa marriage at Balinese community in Lombok. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.296
Agey, E., Crippen, S., Wells, A., & Upreti, P. (2023). Socioeconomic benefits and limited parent–offspring disagreement in arranged marriages in Nepal. Evolutionary Human Sciences, 5, e7. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.3
Ahuja, A., & Ostermann, S. L. (2016). Crossing Caste Boundaries in the Modern Indian Marriage Market. Studies in Comparative International Development, 51(3), 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-015-9178-2
Alandari, K. J., & Muti’ah, T. (2019). Konflik psikologis wanita “nyerod” dalam perkawinan adat di Bali. JURNAL SPIRITS, 10(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v10i1.6540
Astari, D. A. M. J., Padmadewi, N. N., & Dewi, N. L. P. E. S. (2023). Analysis Of The Language Used By Inter-Caste Marriage (Nyerod) Of Balinese Women In Communicating With Their Family. https://doi.org/10.33503/journey.v6i1.2145
Bay, T. C. (2021). Perkawinan Eksogami Rang Pada Masyarakat Desa Inelika, Kecamatan Bajawa Kabupaten Ngada, Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Damayanti, G. A. A. K. (2020). Problematika Pernikahan Generasi Milenial Terhadap Kasta Di Bali. Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama, 3(2), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.33363/swjsa.v3i2.513
Dhar, R. L. (2013). Intercaste Marriage: A Study from the Indian Context. Marriage & Family Review, 49(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2012.714720
Ga’a, A. K., Qorib, F., & Ghofur, M. A. (2022). Makna Dan Identitas Budaya Bajawa Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Film Sahabat Kecil Episode 2. JISIP : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 11(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.33366/jisip.v11i1.2464
Ghimire, D. J., & Axinn, W. G. (2013). Marital Processes, Arranged Marriage, and Contraception to Limit Fertility. Demography, 50(5), 1663–1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0221-5
Hilbert, L. P., & Suessmair, A. (2015). The Effects of Social Interaction and Social Norm Compliance in Pay-What-You-Want Situations. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 05(08), 548–556. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.58054
Kurnia, H., Dasar, F. L., & Kusumawati, I. (2022). Nilai-nilai karakter budaya Belis dalam perkawinan adat masyarakat Desa Benteng Tado Kabupaten Manggarai Barat Nusa Tenggara Timur. Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial, 6(2), 311–322. https://doi.org/10.22219/satwika.v6i2.22300
Laksono, A. D., Wulandari, R. D., & Matahari, R. (2021). Does Education Level Matter in Women’s Risk of Early Marriage?: Case Study in Rural Area in Indonesia. Medico-Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i1.2273
Larson, E. M. (2022). Learning to navigate the ethics of boundaries: Schools, youth, and inter-religious relationships in Manado, Indonesia.
Mopa, Y., Awe, E. Y. A., S. Sos, Wau., M. P., Djomba, E., & Wasono, P. D. Y. (2020). Warisan Budaya Ngada Diangkat dalam Festival Inerie 2019. CV. AA. RIZKY.
Muharry, A., Hakimi, M., & Wahyuni, B. (2018). Family Structure and Early Marriage on Women in Indramayu Regency. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 13(3), 314–322. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v13i3.8946
Naizabayeva, G., Garifolla, Y., & Mukhanbet, A. (2022). Changes in the Traditional Occupations and Discourse of Women: New Element of Human Capital in Redesigned Kazakh Society. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 9(4), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1295
Neonbasu, G. (2002). Kebudayaan Sebuah Agenda dalam Bingkai Pulau Timor dan Sekitarnya. PT. Gramedia Pustaka.
Pan, A. (2024). Counting the Numbers: Nationalism and the Question of Surplus Women. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 31(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/09715215231210526
Poudel, T. M. (2023). Social Consequence of Inter-caste Marriage: A Case Study of Itahari, Sunsari. Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(1), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v13i1.56098
Rumble, L., Peterman, A., Irdiana, N., Triyana, M., & Minnick, E. (2018). An empirical exploration of female child marriage determinants in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 407. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5313-0
Santosa, E. B., & Firdaus, Mr. (2022). Outsider Roles in the Tenggerese’s Change in Ngadas Village: International Conference on Sustainable Environment, Agriculture and Tourism (ICOSEAT 2022), Bangka, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-086-2_123
Setyawan, J. (2025). Voicing the Voiceless: Photovoice and Standpoint Feminism Unveiling the Stigmatization of Ex-Sex Workers. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 202–226. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.vi.29782
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Theory, Method and Research.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif. R&D. ALFABETA.
Sujana, I. N., Santiago, F., & Lisdiono, E. (2023). The Dissolution Of Descended Caste Marriage And Its Implication On Balinese Women: Human Right Perspectives. Russian Law Journal, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i3.1990
Tobar, M., Kasnawi, M. T., & A.T, M. R. (2020). HUBUNGAN ANTAR STRATA SOSIAL DALAM MASYARAKAT MODERN ( Kasus Rampanan Kapa’ Dalam Masyarakat Tana Toraja ). Hasanuddin Journal of Sociology, 17–34. https://doi.org/10.31947/hjs.v2i1.10557
Wagiswari, I. G. A. S., & Valentina, T. D. (2025). Kajian sistematis tentang perspektif perempuan Bali berkasta terhadap pernikahan nyerod: Antara tradisi dan modernisasi. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu1079
Yanasti, S., Jendrius, J., & Maihasni, M. (2021). Kamari Bedo: Dilema Perempuan dalam Ketidakpastian Status Pernikahan. TEMALI : Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 4(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v4i1.10973
Yuniantari, N. P. D. (2021). Musik Semar Pegulingan Menurunkan Kecemasan Pasien Pre Operasi di Siloam Hospitals Bali. Segara Widya : Jurnal Penelitian Seni, 9(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.31091/sw.v9i2.1315
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.