Testing the Justice of Maslahah: A Critique of the Makassar Religious Court’s Ruling in a Waqf Dispute

Hamzah; Tarmizi; Ahmad Irfan; Jamaluddin T; Ma’dul Yaqien Makkarateng

doi:10.18326/ijtihad.v26i1.119-144

Authors

Hamzah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone, Indonesia
Tarmizi Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
Ahmad Irfan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia
Jamaluddin T Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone, Indonesia
Ma’dul Yaqien Makkarateng Ankara University, Türkiye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v26i1.119-144

Keywords:

maslahah justice, religious court decisions, waqf disputes

Abstract

Disputes over waqf land between heirs and the waqf donor highlight a crucial juncture in the relationship between formal legality and the principle of public interest in the management of waqf in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the legal considerations of the Makassar Religious Court in resolving waqf disputes, assess the principle of justice based on public interest, and analyse the implications of the court’s decisions for the parties involved. This study employed a qualitative method, using a case-based and conceptual approach through content analysis of the Makassar Religious Court’s rulings, applying the concept of maslahah-based justice. The study shows that the panel of judges prioritized legal certainty and tended to overlook the values of maslahah-based justice and the essential purposes of waqf. The implementation of these rulings reveals a tension between legal certainty and the social benefits of waqf, which serves as a form of ongoing charitable deeds (amal jariyah). These findings indicate that social benefits, the role of the waqf donor, and the status of the waqf are still insufficiently considered in decision-making. This research highlights the importance of a maslahah-based justice paradigm in legal deliberations, ensuring that the purpose of waqf transcends mere legal act and becomes an instrument of social empowerment and the sustainability of ongoing charitable deeds. This research proposes a maslahah-based justice paradigm as a model for resolving global Islamic legal disputes that can mediate the conflict between legal formalism in waqf and the protection of the civil rights of vulnerable groups.

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