Customary Negotiation and Islamic Environmental Law: Human-Nature Relations in the Batak Angkola Community, South Tapanuli, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v26i1.1-36Keywords:
Batak Angkola , fiqh al-Bī'ah, human-nature relations, Islamic environmental law, local wisdomAbstract
This research analyses the negotiation between Batak Angkola customary norms and Islamic environmental law in shaping human-nature relationships in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research addresses the limited scholarship on how traditional values and Islamic teachings shape community-based environmental governance. The research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on phenomenological and ethnographic methods. Data were obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, and communities, and document analysis. The data were then analyzed thematically through the lens of Fiqh al-Bī'ah and Jacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction. This research shows that environmental conservation is achieved through the integration of Islamic values, such as khalīfah fī al-arḍ, amānah, the obligation to preserve the environment, and the prohibition of fasād fī al-arḍ, into the Batak Angkola customary system. The integration results in environmental governance through the protection of customary areas, community-based natural resource management, customary rituals, and environmental conflict resolution processes. The human-nature relationship is understood as reciprocal, placing humans as an integral part of the ecosystem and making them responsible for maintaining its balance. This research concludes that negotiations between customary law and Fiqh al-Bi’ah produce an ecological governance model that is adaptive, sustainable, and socially and religiously legitimate. Its novelty lies in formulating a normative negotiation model between social and religious legitimacy through Fiqh al-Bī'ah, explaining the construction of human–nature relationships to strengthen environmental governance based on local wisdom in Indonesia.References
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