Religious Conversion in Minangkabau People: An Analysis of Islamic and Customary Law Perspectives in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v26i1.37-65Keywords:
customary law, Islamic law, Minangkabau People, religious conversionAbstract
This research aimed to examine the tensions between Islamic and Minangkabau customary law in relation to contemporary people in Indonesia who converted to Christianity, despite the long-standing historical identity as a predominantly Muslim community deeply rooted in Islamic traditions and cultural values. Specifically, three questions were addressed, namely 1) the interaction of Islamic and Minangkabau customary law, 2) the factors influencing religious conversion from Islam to Christianity among contemporary Minangkabau people, and 3) the challenges experienced by converts in the relationships with family members, local communities, and the broader social structure. A case study approach was adopted using a qualitative design grounded in the socio-anthropology of religion based on in-depth interviews with eight key informants. Furthermore, this research provided a broader understanding of a complex and often contested phenomenon. The results showed that the social lives of Minangkabau converts from Islam to Christianity were characterized by adaptability and tolerance. Most converts continued to maintain positive relationships with families, local communities, and customary institutions, in contrast to the widespread assumption that religious conversion transformed social attitudes and disrupted communal relationships. However, these people were not completely detached from Islamic values and cultural dispositions before accepting Christianity. The theoretical contribution of this research is in the attempt to bridge the relationship between agency and social structure in explaining religious conversion. In Minangkabau context, religious conversion constitutes a socio-legal event that challenges the normative relationship between Islamic and customary law, reporting the ongoing negotiation between personal religious agency and collective cultural obligations.References
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