Fatum Abubakar, Syahrul Mubarak Subeitan, Abdul Rahim Hakimi, Muhammad Faisol, and Siti Barora Sinay, “Qadhi Legitimization: Shifting Roles of the Penghulu in Ternate and Tidore Sultanates, Indonesia”, Ijtihad , vol. 25, no. 1, Jun. 2025.