Legal Awareness of Micro and Small Enterprise Operators Regarding Halal Certification: A Maslaha Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i1.23-45Keywords:
halal certification; legal compliance; MaslahaAbstract
The halal certification of food products is essential for consumer protection and should be harmonized with the practices of small-scale micro-producers to ensure security and mutual benefits in accordance with Islamic teachings. However, micro-businesses have been observed to possess varied perceptions toward the certification program. Based on this understanding, the present study aims to categorize awareness of the benefits and legal aspects of digitalizing the process of obtaining the certification using a theoretical legal system approach. In order to achieve the stated objective, qualitative data was gathered from different sources such as micro-business owners, halal certifiers, and beneficiaries of halal-certified food products. The obtained results showed that micro-businesses in serang-Banten often register for halal certification due to regulatory requirements and potential sanctions, rather than a deep understanding of the benefits of halal-certified products. This finding emphasized the persistence of a lack of significant awareness among micro-businesses regarding the advantages of obtaining halal certification. Accordingly, during the course of the investigation, the dominant challenges experienced include administrative complexities in the self-declaration process and the availability of qualified halal certifiers for high-risk food ingredients. To address these issues, there is an essential necessity for the development of a streamlined certification system that supports micro-businesses, facilitates application processes, and monitors the potential misuse of fake halal logos. Lastly, following the observations made, it can be inferred that digitizing the process of halal certification for both the registration and labeling of food products would improve consumer confidence and ease supervision.
References
Abduh, M., & Bastian, E. (2023). The Law Enforcement of Guarantees Halal Products in Indonesia. Muamalatuna, 15.2 225-240.15(31), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.37035/mua.v15i2.9588
Ahmad bin `Ali al Jassas. (1994). Ahkam Al-Qur’an. Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Ahmad Bin abd al-Halim bin Taimiyah. (n.d.). Al-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah (Juz 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ahyani, H., & Slamet, M. (2021). Building the Values of Rahmatan Lil’Alamin for Indonesian Economic Development at 4.0 Era from the Perspective of Philosophy and Islamic Economic Law. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 16(1), 111–136.
Al-Mahmood, O. A., & Fraser, A. M. (2023). Perceived challenges in implementing halal standards by halal certifying bodies in the United States. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 18, Issue 8 August). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290774
Alviadi, R., & Ramli, T. A. (2021). Efektivitas Ketentuan tentang Sertifikasi Halal dalam Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal untuk Mewujudkan Produk Pangan Home Industry yang Bersertifikat Halal. Prosiding Ilmu Hukum, 619–622.
Arifin, Z., & Hatoli, H. (2021). Application of Halal Certification by Indonesian Ulema Council on Electronic and Non-Consumption Products: Maslahah Perspective. Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial, 18(1), 115–131.
Artami, I. A. K., Maryanti, S., Netrawati, I. G. A. O., & Sukmana, F. H. (2023). the Awareness of Millennial Generation Towards Halal-Certified Products: an Empirical Study Potentially Influencing Policy-Making. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 11(2), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i2.1258
Asa, R. S., & Azmi, I. (2018). The concept of halal and halal food certification process in Malaysia: Issues and concerns. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 20, 38–50.
Asep Rian. personal interview in Serang, 21 April 2024
Astuti, I. D., Abrianto, A. Moh., & Dwilaksana, I. N. (2022). Cek-Prodaku: Standarisasi Mutu Produk Halal Umkm untuk Memenuhi Pasar Global. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(1), 196. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4526
Atikah Lubis, personal interview in Serang, 17 Maret 2024
Azizah, M. (2021). Peran Negara dalam Perlindungan Konsumen Muslim di Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 4(2), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v4i2.5738
Bottoms, A. (2019). Understanding compliance with laws and regulations: a mechanism-based approach. Financial Compliance: Issues, Concerns and Future Directions, 1–45.
Bottoni, R. (2020). Legal aspects of halal slaughter and certification in the European union and its member states. In The Halal Food Handbook (pp. 255–270). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118823026.ch16
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative research journal, 9(2), 27-40.
BPS Statistics Indonesia. (2024). Banten Province in Figures 2024.
Buzama, K. (2017). Pemberlakuan Teori-Teori Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Al-’Adalah, 10(2), 467–472.
Chaerani, D., Talytha, M. N., Perdana, T., Rusyaman, E., & Gusriani, N. (2020). Pemetaan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Menggunakan Analisis Media Sosial Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan. Dharmakarya, 9(4), 275–282.
Cresswell, Tim. "Mobilities I. moving on. " P. in H. G. 38. 5 (2014): 712-721. (2014). Mobilities III: moving on." Progress in Human Geography 38.5. 712–7221.
Friedman, L. M. (1975). The legal system: A social science perspective. Russell Sage Foundation.
Hamsin, M. K., Halim, A., Anggriawan, R., & Lutfiani, H. (2023). Sharia E-Wallet: The Issue of Sharia Compliance and Data Protection. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 17(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i1.7633
Hasan, H. H. (1971). Nazariyyā t al-Maslahah fi al-Fiqih al-Islāmy. Beirut: Dar an-Nahdah al-’Arabiyyah.
Hariyanto, E., Cahyani, N., Susylawati, E., Long, A. S., Qudsy, S. Z., & Supraptiningsih, U. (2024). The Resistance of Madurese Muslim Society to the Development of Non-Muslim Tourism Objects. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 12(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i1.1108
Hatoli, H. (2020). Sertifikasi Halal Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pada Produk Elektronik Dan Non Konsumsi Perspektif Maslahah. JIL: Journal of Islamic Law, 1(2), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v1i2.45
Iswanto, B. (2023). Job Creation Law and Consequences in Determining Halâl Products: Analysis of the Halâl Product Fatwa Committee. Al-’Adalah, 20(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16379
Kadir, S. (2022). Labelizing of Manufacturing Halal Industry Products for Achieving Consumer Satisfaction In The Perspective of Maslahah Daruriyah. El-Qish: Journal of Islamic Economics, 2(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.33830/elqish.v2i1.4150.2022
Kurniawati, D. A., & Savitri, H. (2020). Awareness level analysis of Indonesian consumers toward halal products. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(2), 522–546.
Kusnadi, Moh. (2019). Problematika Penerapan Undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal di Indonesia. ISLAMIKA, 1(2), 116–132. https://doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v1i2.213
Kusumaningtyas, R. O., Subekti, R., Jaelani, A. K., Orsantinutsakul, A., & Mishra, U. K. (2022). Reduction of Digitalization Policy in Indonesian MSMEs and Implications for Sharia Economic Development. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 21(2), 157–171.
Laksamana, R., & Giovanni, J. (2019). Persepsi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Terhadap Transportasi Online di Wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Manajemen Motivasi, 15(2), 48–54.
Matulidi, N. (2020). The development of unified collaborative model for halal governance in halal supply chain in Malaysia. Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Nazim, N. A. M., & Yusof, S. M. (2023). Halal Legislation Enforcement of Food Premises in Malaysia. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, Special Issue, 151–164. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI072023-12
Parker, C., & Nielsen, V. L. (2017). Compliance: 14 questions. Regulatory Theory: Foundations and Applications, 217–232.
Rahayu, E. S., & Mardiyani, S. A. (2023). Mapping the Halal, Safety, and Quality Food Industry for Micro and Small Enterprises in Pasuruan Regency. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, Special Issue, 77–89. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJATSI072023-7
Rahayuningsih, E., & Ghozali, M. L. (2021). Sertifikasi produk halal dalam perspektif Mashlahah Mursalah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(1), 135–145.
Rijal. personal interview in Kab. Serang , 3 Februari 2024
Ruslan Abdullah, M., Osman, Z., & Saleh Ridwan, M. (2023). Legal Compliance of Islamic Philanthropic Institutions in Fulfilment of Children’s Needs A R T I C L E I N F O. In Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum (Vol. 21, Issue 2).
Rofiah, K., Safira, M. E., Rohmanu, A., & Matali, B. H. (2024). Legal Awareness of Halal Products Certification among East Java Business Operators and Society. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 23(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10467
Siregar, N. F. (2018). Efektivitas Hukum. Al-Razi, 18(2), 1–16.
Soekanto, S. (2004). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum.
Syafitri, M. N., Salsabila, R., & Latifah, F. N. (2022). Urgensi Sertifikasi Halal Food Dalam Tinjauan Etika Bisnis Islam. Al Iqtishod: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Ekonomi Islam, 10(1), 16–42. https://doi.org/10.37812/aliqtishod.v10i1.30
Taufik. personal interview in Kota Serang, 4 Februari and 21 Maret 2024.
Warto, W., & Samsuri, S. (2020). Sertifikasi Halal dan Implikasinya Bagi Bisnis Produk Halal di Indonesia. Al Maal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking, 2(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.31000/almaal.v2i1.2803
Wicaksono, S., Al-Asy’ari, M. K. H., El-Adibah, E. D. N., & Iffahasanah. (2023). Maqashid Sharia Progresive: Anatomical and Transformational of Halal Institutions in UIN KHAS Jember. El-Mashlahah, 13(2), 107–132. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i2.7370
Wong, M. S. M. A., & Halim, A. H. A. (2021). Konsep hisbah dalam penguatkuasaan pematuhan halal di Malaysia. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 22(3), 129.
Wulandari, D. E. (2022). Respon Publik Terhadap Sertifikasi Halal LP-POM-MUI dan Implikasi Hukumnya. ILTIZAMAT: Journal of Economic Sharia Law and Business Studies, 1(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.55120/iltizamat.v1i2.600
Yusuf, M. Y., Innayatillah, Isnaliana, & Maulana, H. (2021). The Determinants of Tourists’ Intention to Visit Halal Tourism Destinations in Aceh Province. Samarah, 5(2), 892–912. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9270
Yusuf, N., Sarib, S., & Evra, W. (2023). The Difficulty of Finding Halal Food for Muslim Minorities: Analysis of Maqashid Shariah. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8 (2 November), 325–346.
