Revitalizing the Paoppangi Tanah Customary Sanction in Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Fiqh Jināyah Perspective
Keywords:
customary law; , fiqh jināyah; , Gowa; , Paoppangi Tanah; , taʿzīr; , zinā.Abstract
This study examines the Paoppangi Tanah customary sanction as a punishment for zinā offenders from the perspective of fiqh jināyah in Gowa Regency, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sanction consists of banishment without a defined time limit and is decided through deliberation (musyāwarah) among customary leaders, religious figures, and the offender’s family. Employing a juridical-sociological approach within Islamic criminal law, the study draws on interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants included customary leaders, religious leaders, and community members, purposively selected based on their involvement in and knowledge of Paoppangi Tanah. The findings indicate that the sanction correlates with taʿzīr in fiqh jināyah, a discretionary punishment for offenses not regulated by an explicit scriptural text (naṣ) in the Qur’an and Hadith, so that implementation is entrusted to authorized authorities, such as the government or recognized customary leaders. The sanction plays a significant social role in maintaining public order and communal morality, as well as in deterring norm violations. The novelty of this study lies in examining a local sanctioning mechanism that has received limited attention in fiqh jināyah scholarship, particularly within Makassar customary society. The findings also show that interaction between Islamic law and customary law is not only harmonious but can enable a more context-sensitive reconstruction of fiqh jināyah. Accordingly, this study offers a theoretical contribution to the development of Islamic criminal law as a framework that is not merely normative, but also contextual and grounded in local wisdom, thereby strengthening a maqāṣid al-sharīʿah paradigm in the application of law within society.
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