Formulating Policies for Halal Tourism in Indonesia Based on Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i1.47-70Abstract
This research aims to examine the implementation of Islamic law, the role of ulama’s thoughts and authority, and the appropriateness of government policies on halal tourism in Indonesia. A qualitative method was employed to gather primary data, specifically through a one-day symposium on “Halal Tourism and Hospitality” held by Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy in Semarang, Indonesia. This symposium invited 100 participants from various sectors, including the tourism and hospitality industry, government representatives, community leaders, and politicians. The data underwent content analysis utilising word cloud and narrative analysis for the preliminary and Leximancer and narrative analysis for the panel discussion. The study shows that the implementation of Islamic law in formulating halal tourism policies in Indonesia involves several steps and practices aimed at ensuring compliance with Islamic principles within the tourism industry. Furthermore, the thoughts and authority of ulama play a pivotal role in shaping and influencing policies related to halal tourism. Lastly, the Indonesian government has established policies consistent with Islamic principles, such as regulations on the management and provision of halal food, the development of family-friendly tourist destinations, the promotion of spiritual tourism, the prohibition of practices and services conflicting with sharia, the development of sharia-based ecotourism, and the utilisation of Islamic language and symbols in tourism promotion. The study contributes to identifying gaps and opportunities for further incorporating Islamic principles into tourism policies.
References
Abdullah, M., Chowdhury, M. and Sulong, Z. (2023) ‘Asymmetric efficiency and connectedness among green stocks, halal tourism stocks, cryptocurrencies, and commodities: Portfolio hedging implications’, Resources Policy, 81(February), p. 103419. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103419.
Abror, A. et al. (2020) ‘Antecedents of word of mouth in Muslim-friendly tourism marketing: the role of religiosity’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), pp. 882–899. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2020-0006.
Ainin, S. et al. (2020) ‘Sentiment analyses of multilingual tweets on halal tourism’, Tourism Management Perspectives, 34(February), p. 100658. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100658.
Aji, H., Muslichah, I. and Seftyono, C. (2021) ‘The determinants of Muslim travellers’ intention to visit non-Islamic countries: a halal tourism implication’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), pp. 1553–1576. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2020-0075.
Akhtar, N. et al. (2020) ‘Conflicting halal attributes at halal restaurants and consumers’ responses: The moderating role of religiosity’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45(March), pp. 499–510. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.10.010.
Akyol, M. and Kilinc, Ö. (2016) ‘Turkish Studies -International INTERNET AND HALAL TOURISM MARKETING *’, International Periodical For The language, Literature and History of Turkish, 9/8(February), pp. 171–186.
Al-Ansi, A. et al. (2022) ‘Islamophobia: Differences across Western and Eastern community residents toward welcoming Muslim tourists’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 51(March), pp. 439–450. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.04.018.
Az-zuhaili, W. (2011) Fikih Islam Wa Adillatuhu cet.1. Jakarta: Gema Insani & Darul Fikir.
Basyar, A. (2020) ‘Perlindungan Nasab Dalam Teori Maqashid Syariah’, MAQASHID Jurnal Hukum Islam, 3(1), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35897/maqashid.v3i1.286.
Battour, M. and Ismail, M.N. (2016) ‘Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and future’, Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, pp. 150–154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008.
Boğan, E. et al. (2023) ‘Exploring halal tourism-related factors that mitigate employees’ job pursuit intention in halal hotels: The moderating roles of age and gender’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55(May), pp. 368–379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.05.012.
Cuesta-Valiño, P., Bolifa, F. and Núñez-Barriopedro, E. (2020) ‘Sustainable, smart and muslim-friendly tourist destinations’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051778.
Darwis, R. (2017) ‘Pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah Terhadap Paradigma Perubahan Hukum’, Adzkiya : Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah, 5(1), pp. 67–86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32332/adzkiya.v5i1.1006.
Deuraseh, N. and Asli, N. (2022) ‘Issues on Halal Foods With Special Reference To Fatwa on Halal Pet Food for Cats in Islamic Law’, El-Mashlahah, 12(2), pp. 103–123. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v12i2.3534.
El-Gohary, H. (2016) ‘Halal tourism, is it really Halal?’, Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, pp. 124–130. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.013.
Farih, A. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Halim, A. and Baroroh, N. (2021) ‘Pariwisata Halal: Studi Komparatif Hotel Syariah di Yogyakarta dan Bali’, Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(1), pp. 53–66. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4602.
Han, H. et al. (2019) ‘Exploring halal-friendly destination attributes in South Korea: Perceptions and behaviors of Muslim travelers toward a non-Muslim destination’, Tourism Management, 71(July 2018), pp. 151–164. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.010.
Hariani, D. (2017) ‘Halal Japanese Culinary as Attraction for Muslim Travellers to Visit Japan’, 28(Ictgtd 2016), pp. 174–176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/ictgtd-16.2017.32.
Hariani, D. and Hanafiah, M.H. (2024) ‘The competitiveness, challenges and opportunities to accommodate the Halal tourism market: a Sharia-law tourism destination perspectives’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(3), pp. 919–942. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2023-0147.
Isa, S.M., Chin, P.N. and Mohammad, N.U. (2018) ‘Muslim tourist perceived value: a study on Malaysia Halal tourism’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(2), pp. 402–420. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2016-0083.
Jeaheng, Y., Al-Ansi, A. and Han, H. (2019) ‘Halal-friendly hotels: impact of halal-friendly attributes on guest purchase behaviors in the Thailand hotel industry’, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 36(6), pp. 729–746. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1631940.
Juliana, J. et al. (2023) ‘The determinants of Muslim millennials’ visiting intention towards halal tourist attraction’, Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(3), pp. 473–488. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2021-0044.
Kawakib and Syuhud, H. (2021) ‘Interrelation of Mind and Revelation: Analysis of the Thought of Ulama Mutakallimin in the Formation of Islamic Law’, Journal of Islamic Law (JIL), 2(1), pp. 43–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v2i1.127.
Khan, I. et al. (2022) ‘Social media and empowerment in hospitality and tourism decision-making: A study among UK Muslim women’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 101(December 2021), p. 103125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103125.
Küpeli, T., Koc, B. and Hassan, A. (2018) ‘Understanding religion-based tourism terminology in the context of the hotel industry’, Anatolia, 29(2), pp. 252–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1414448.
Lestari, Y.D., Saidah, F. and Aliya Putri, A.N. (2023) ‘Effect of destination competitiveness attributes on tourists’ intention to visit halal tourism destination in Indonesia’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(4), pp. 937–965. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2020-0368.
Majid, G. et al. (2020) ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI) Penetration and Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia: A Review and Syntheis’, Symposium on Social Science 2020, pp. 158–64.
Manan, A. et al. (2023) ‘Halal Tourism: a Proposed Sharia Model for Implementation’, Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(1), pp. 81–100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i1.784.
Maulana, A. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’ Jakarta.
Misno, A. and Arafah, M. (2021) ‘Pengembangan Model Analisa Data Kualitatif untuk Penelitian Ekonomi Syariah Menggunakan Muqashid Syariah’, Jurnal Al-Tsarwah, 4(1), pp. 72–87.
Moshin, A., Brochado, A. and Rodrigues, H. (2020) ‘Halal tourism is traveling fast: Community perceptions and implications’, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDMM.2020.100503.
Muhdi (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Muslimin, J., Iskandar, R.F. and Fatma, Y. (2021) ‘Islam and Medicine: A Study on The Fatwa of Indonesian Ulama Council on Vaccines’, Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(1), p. 85. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.2496.
Mustafid, F., Nasution, K. and Sodiqin, A. (2024) ‘Positivization of the Council of Indonesian Ulema’s Halal Fatwa: Policy and Position in Indonesian Legislation’, JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 23(1), p. 155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10859.
Nisha, F. and Cheung, C. (2022) ‘Locating Muslimah in the travel and tourism research’, Tourism Management Perspectives, 41(December 2021), p. 100940. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100940.
Perdikaris, M. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Rantala, O. et al. (2024) ‘Proximity and tourism in the Anthropocene’, Annals of Tourism Research, 105(324493), p. 103733. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103733.
Rasul, T. (2019) ‘The trends, opportunities and challenges of halal tourism: a systematic literature review’, Tourism Recreation Research, 44(4), pp. 434–450. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1599532.
Ratnasari, R. et al. (2020) ‘Emotional experience on behavioral intention for halal tourism’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), pp. 864–881. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2019-0256.
Razzaq, S., Hall, C.M. and Prayag, G. (2016) ‘The capacity of New Zealand to accommodate the halal tourism market - Or not’, Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, pp. 92–97. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.008.
Rofiah, K. et al. (2024) ‘Legal Awareness of Halal Products Certification among East Java Business Operators and Society’, Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 23(1), pp. 55–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10467.
Setiadi, M. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Setiawan, I. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Slamet, Abdullah, I. and Laila, N.Q. (2022) ‘The contestation of the meaning of halal tourism’, Heliyon, 8(3), p. e09098. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09098.
Sodiqin, A. and Radiamoda, A. (2021) ‘The Dynamics of Islamic Constitution: From the Khilāfah Period to the Nation-State’, Journal of Islamic Law, 2(2), pp. 138–167. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v2i2.241.
Soebahar, E. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Sofyan, R. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Solehudin, E., Ahyani, H. and Putra, H.M. (2024) ‘Study on Sharia Compliance Principles in Halal Tourism Business in Bandung Regency: An Implementation of Islamic Business Ethics Principles (Professional Ethics)’, Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 23(1), pp. 39–66. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol23.iss1.art2.
Supardin, L. et al. (2023) ‘A bibliometric analysis of halal tourism: future research agenda’, Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2023-0028.
Tohari, C. (2018) ‘Pemikiran Teori Hukum Islam Imam Al-Juwayni : Analisis Pemikiran Usul Fiqih Imam Al Juwayni serta Posisinya dalam Ijtihad’, Jurnal IAIN Pontianak, 3(2), pp. 1–22.
Umar, M. and Ma’ani, B. (2018) ‘Urgensi Hak dan Perlindungan Anak dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syariah’, Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 17(02), pp. 201–212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v17i02.64.
Vargas-Sánchez, A. and Moral-Moral, M. (2019) ‘Halal tourism: state of the art’, Tourism Review, 74(3), pp. 385–399. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-01-2018-0015.
Wahyudi, D. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Wahyudin, U. et al. (2022) ‘The misunderstanding of halal tourism in Bandung city - Indonesia: Muslim tourist arrivals are increasing in the obscurity of concepts’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(12), pp. 2611–2629. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2020-0204.
Wibawa, B. et al. (2023) ‘Discovering the importance of halal tourism for Indonesian Muslim travelers: perceptions and behaviors when traveling to a non-Muslim destination’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(1), pp. 61–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2020-0210.
Wuryanto, G. (2022) ‘Personal Interview in Semarang, 20 June.’
Yousaf, S. and Xiucheng, F. (2018) ‘Halal culinary and tourism marketing strategies on government websites: A preliminary analysis’, Tourism Management, 68(April), pp. 423–443. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.04.006.
Yusuf, M. et al. (2021) ‘The Determinants of Tourists’ Intention to Visit Halal Tourism Destinations in Aceh Province’, Samarah, 5(2), pp. 892–912. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.9270.
Yusuf, N., Sarib, S. and Evra, W. (2023) ‘The Difficulty of Finding Halal Food for Muslim Minorities: Analysis of Maqashid Shariah’, Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(2 November), p. 325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8182.